Application of Biotechnology in Agriculture

History and importance of agricultural biotechnology, Application of disease-free plants, Preservation of genetic resources, Application of haploid and double haploid plants, Secondary metabolite production, Genetic of pathogenesis and plant resistance genes, Application of molecular markers (RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, SSR,…), Application of molecular probes, Application of transgenic plants (resistance to diseases and pests, pesticides and environmental stresses), Estimation of  genetic variation in plants